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Although the result was unintentional, he also felt no remorse. In one case, a filmmaker lacked exciting enough pictures of a particular animal from a shoot, and the executive producer substituted animals from another country. I always decide not to use that moment, said another. Filmmakers admitted to not telling the whole truth or concealing their motivation or their films true politics to get access to a subject or to get the scene you want to get. In one case, a filmmaker hid the fact from a political candidate that his film was about the opposing candidate. in one month a farmer produces 1200 pounds of potatoes in the following mont the amount of potatoes it produces increases by 15 over the previous month how many potatoes does it produce in the second month? In journalistic practice, payment is usually forbidden for fear of tainting the information garnered. Ken Burns recalled having to decide between two photographs to illustrate the point that Huey Long was often surrounded by bodyguards. Jump cuts might be more honest about the rearranging going on but might be unwatchable. The documentary became public due to its subject matter, it dealt with After discussion with his team and with professional historians, he decided for the atypical shot, because it communicated his point (that Long used bodyguards) more rapidly. It depends on the project.. For todays documentary filmmakers, it appears to grace a set of choices about narrative and purpose in the documentary. So to use archival footage . . Documentaries dont pretend to be fair and balanced.. . Concerns about documentary ethics are not new, but they have intensified over the past several years in response to changes in the industry. You always have to be aware of the power that you as a filmmaker have in relationship to your subject. At the same time, they recognized that professional obligations might force them at least to cause pain. One subject when drunk revealed something he had never revealed when sober, and in the filmmakers opinion probably would not. the shares appreciate 10% in the first year and 25 the next. The film becomes a historical document. Documentary film - Wikipedia I can convince you that a lot of films are truthful., While news outlets appeal to different and distinct audiences based on interest and political persuasion, Cross says documentary films are thriving precisely because they dont try to settle on whats true., Theres this idea that somehow, I have to be a trained reporter to dispense the news, Cross said. Making a Murderer is exploitation entertainment, Dixon said. After I wrapped, I felt like a real shit for the rest of the day, felt like I manipulated him for my personal gain. For the most part, however, when it comes to standards and ethics (and even independent fact checking), documentary filmmakers have largely depended on individual judgment, guidance from executives, and occasional conversations at film festivals and on listservs. A story of loving impossible loves and the torture of self-discovery in a world of demagogues and uncompromising hate, it has a tragic immediacy that makes it as contemporary as ever. if the regular price of the hats is 25$, how many hats could be bought at the sale price it a shopper spent 105? And Im not sure thats a bad thing.. No, I never show rough cuts to subjects. Breyer pointed to witness footage of police killings of black men like Michael Brown, Eric Garner and Walter Scott over the past two years as an example. The trend towards faster and cheaper documentaries and the assembly line nature of work has proven challenging to filmmakers understanding of their obligations to subjects in particular. a bartenders monthly pay consist of $2,400 base salary plus 10% in tips aon average for all drinks sold. if it sells 200 more lamps in the next month how many lamps does it sell in august. At the end of the day, it became a mother-son deal and they worked it out. In this case, the filmmakers objective was maintaining the relationship and salvaging key footage. If you're in tech, you might have subject matter experts for web-hosting, agile methodology, and more. This survey demonstrated that filmmakers generally are acutely aware of moral dimensions of their craft, and of the economic and social pressures that affect them. Who is it and how they are using it is also important, because as a small independent [filmmaker] you are personally accountable. if the regular price od the book is $25, how many books could be bought at the sale price if a shopper spent $105? What I want people to understand is that this is not just about Indonesias past or its history, its about the now, Oppenheimer said from Copenhagen via Skype. the politicians earlier association with the student communist movement ________________ his reputation with some in his party, who feared his history would hurt his chances of being elected, the documentary became popular due to its subject matter, it dealt with sensitive topic but ____________ the information in a palatable way. " Free Chol Soo Lee " charts the . There are some filmmakers who love the down and dirtyI found a fool and I will show them as a fool. This is justified sometimes, but its often abusive of your power., Filmmakers also recognized limits to the obligation to the subject. Clockwise from top left: Casting JonBenet; Homecoming, Dirty Money, They'll Love Me When I'm Dead; Miss Americana; Jim & Andy. Pat Aufderheide, Filmmakers need to share both experience and vocabulary and to be able to question their own and others decision-making processes without encountering prohibitive risk. A Question of Ethics: The Relationship between Filmmaker and Subject My test for these things is, Does the audience know what its getting? . Also included were four executive producers in national television programming organizations. I have come around to believe that a small honorarium is OK, that we should cover the subjects expenses and lost work, and that we sure as hell should share profit if we can. How can you tell whats true? . One struggles enough in making a good film. Many even see themselves as executors of a higher truth, framed within a narrative. Every organization has its own host of subject matter experts. Joshua Oppenheimer, left, director of the Oscar-nominated documentary film The Act of Killing, poses with the films producer Signe Byrge Sorensen at a reception featuring the Oscar nominees in the Documentary Feature and Documentary Short Subject categories on Feb. 26, 2014, in Beverly Hills, Calif. A scene from Joshua Oppenheimers documentary The Look of Silence. Courtesy of Drafthouse Films and Participant Media. To a certain extent, SeaWorld is right, Dixon said, though he liked the film. Originating in the 1960s alongside advances in portable film equipment, the Cinma Vrit -style is much less pointed than the expository approach. Video sweetening, or adding in layers of sound, did not concern documentarians in generalif it was incidental. the DP [director of photography] was sitting there, saying No, Im sure you wouldnt want to do it, but nodding his head yes. . Maybe you cant. In relation to viewers, they often justified the manipulation of individual facts, sequences, and meanings of images, if it meant telling a story more effectively and helped viewers grasp the main, and overall truthful, themes of a story. One director recalled, I knew personal information about one of the [subjects] that I thought would make the film richer, but she was confiding to me in person, not as a filmmaker . While tragic, the events of Silence arent something Americans are likely to read about in the news. I remember negotiating with a bigwig, he was in demand, he said hed like to do it, and requested a donation to a nonprofit. A documentary is something that intends to be truthful, said Richard Breyer, Syracuse University director of documentary film and history. I at this point had a hobby of buying super 8 films at a flea market, found some home movies from the 50s of a family, it worked perfectly, a kid his age, house, it was perfect. If the tables were turned, God forbid, said Joe Berlinger, I would never allow them to make a film about my tragedy. Its a powerful story, and its important plot-wise. if both individuals start working at the same time, and each works 56 hours completing tooth canals over the course of one month, how many tooth canals will they have completed, taking issue with media reports, the president_____ that she had no plans to step down and ____________ claims that her office was guilty of corruption. If Americans substitute documentary film for hard news reports and daily journalism, it could have major implications for journalism and for how Americans view the world around them. Experts say that its no coincidence that documentary films are enjoying boosted popularity at a time when trust in the media is at an all-time low. Julie Ha and Eugene Yi's involving documentary covers a U.S. wrongful conviction case that ultimately helped improve cultural and judicial sensitivities. As one filmmaker noted: I am in their life for a whole year. This study demonstrates the need to have a more public and ongoing conversation about ethical problems in documentary filmmaking. There is a huge danger that paying for talk will undermine the honesty of the talk, and that it will poison the river for the next filmmaker. With the Holocaust, you really dont want to show anything other than the exact day or place. Finally, some filmmakers believed that deceit was appropriate in the service of their work with vulnerable subjects and their stories and with powerful subjects who might put up obstacles. The question of whether to pay subjects was of great concern to filmmakers. 'Free Chol Soo Lee' Review: An Involving Doc on a - Variety We did talk to that other person on the phone and then decided not to interview them for the film. Any documentary code of ethics that has credibility for a field with a wide range of practices must develop from a shared understanding of values, standards, and practices. It has no ethics. Many filmmakers noted that restaging routine or trivial events such as walking through a door was part and parcel of the filmmaking process and was not what makes the story honest. But many filmmakers went much further, without discomfort. Director nixed Jeffrey Epstein project due to 'distasteful' subject matter. They nonetheless subscribed to shared, but unarticulated, general principles. Wanda Bershen is a consultant on fundraising, festivals and distribution. Documentary filmmakers identified themselves as creative artists for whom ethical behavior is at the core of their projects. . Dialogue editing and reaction shots are necessary tools of documentary, and while sometimes manipulative, often fall under Picassos idea of art as the lie that makes us realize the truth. Its important to lift up people who tell their stories, as opposed to making them victims. Oscars: How the Doc Shorts Race Became More Competitive - The Hollywood If youre a filmmaker you try to create a POV, you bend and shape the story to your agenda . if the cost per dozen eggs rises to $1.80, how much more will the restaurant have to pay for eggs per week, based on the ______________ behavior and _________________ toward service staff exhibited by the job applicant before his interview, the hiring manager decided not to move forward with his application. We discussed it with her, and then she felt comfortable. Filmmakers thus find themselves without community norms or standards.