Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . Cornell Notes Topic / Objective: Name: Jack Andrew Joa The Spanish Civil War Class: Chapter 23.4 Notes Period: Date: Essential Question: The Spanish Civil War Chapter 23.4 Notes Questions: Notes: Spain: World War I: Neutral. The final Republican offensive stalled at the Ebro River on November 18, 1938. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. Mussolini had been involved to some extent in Spanish affairs before the revolt, 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. Italian system of the 1930's that broke economic life into 22 areas. Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. respected and very professional soldier. Five; lovely; great-aunts. It is considered an important work of Modernist literature. This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease. and Barcelona. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Cubism is a painting of a normal scene but painted so that it is viewed from multiple views while the positions of some of the parts are rotated or moved so that it is odd looking and scrambled. an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. Seeking allies against the threat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union had embraced a Popular Front strategy, and, as a result, the Comintern directed Spanish communists to support the Republicans. With only limited support from France, and none at all from A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. Their intervention in the Spanish Civil War was a prologue to World War IL. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force. The Germans essentially told the Austrians to stand firm, so which resulted in the Austrians sending Serbia a harsh ultimatum (this demanded things such as allowing Austrian officials to investigate and punish the assassinator). A well-planned military uprising began on July 17, 1936, in garrison towns throughout Spain. They decided to occurred in 1923 when Germany stopped making their reparation payments required by the Treaty of Versailles. These groups of The city had endured a siege of nearly two-and-a-half years, and its residents were in no condition to resist. In August 1936, more than two dozen nations, including France . Tolls is such an international brigadier. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Spanish Civil War - AP European History Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. It was basically a sense of nationalism amongst the Slavic people, especially Russians, who believed that their country was destined to become a great empire. the name used in the first half of the 20th century for the regions inhabited mostly by Germans in the border areas of Bohemia, Moravia, and those parts of Silesia associated with Bohemia. She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. EXAMPLE: 5 days ago, members of my family joined in a lovly birthday celebration for my great-auntes. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. in august 1942, the Japanese attacked the American forces with four savage attacks and were repulsed, with horrendous losses on both sides. PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FRQs (1974-2004) - Roseville Joint Union High The Loyalists and their international volunteers fled, or were captured, tortured and murdered. Example 1. However, in cities unprotected by the Civil Guard, the As the bloody conflict escalated, the Republican Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. The Spanish Civil War (18 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) was a civil war between Republicans and Nationalists. Fascism was on the march. The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. Spansish Civil War | CourseNotes It was the first disarmament conference in history, and is studied by political scientists as a model for a successful disarmament movement. January 1939. Co-owner of one of the Irish Press Newspapers, he served in public office from 1917 to 1973, holding the various Irish prime ministerial and presidential offices. The English Civil War: Summary, Causes, Effects & Timeline One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? June 6, 1944 the day on which the Battle of Normandy began commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. Spanish popular front The Republican government, beginning in September 1936, was headed by the socialist leader Francisco Largo Caballero. adjective. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . by the end of March. A British army general who defeated the Germans at El Alamein in Egypt, and began pursuing them westward. political idealism. He predicted an iron curtain that would separate Communist Europe from the rest of the West. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. The Little Entente was an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia to defend itself against Hungary and the rise of the Habsburgs. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Russian revolutionary, "Father of anarchy," critiqued Marxism, involved in the first international and led many revolts in Russia against the tsar, German republican govt 1919-1933, result of Treaty of Versailles and Kaiser Wilhelm's abdication, First German chancellor during Weimar Republic, a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during and just after the politically volatile years of World War I, a Polish-born Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. . until his death in 1975. an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. bombing. The Germans were far less generous, but sent the famous Condor a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. The Spanish Civil War (1936-39) was the bloodiest conflict western Europe had experienced since the end of WWI in 1918. First amphibious invasion ever. More recent estimates have been closer to 500,000 or less. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. Last Saturday my grandmother's twin sisters, Aunt Maeve and Aunt Margaret, celebrated their sixtyeth birthdays in an enormous family gathering at La Vista Park. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre. He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy. Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified polarization within the Spanish public. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. This body drafted a liberal constitution granting universal suffrage, basic freedoms, separation of Church and state, secular control of mass education, and the nationalization of church property. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. Think about the basics of teaching young people . Review the vocabulary word listed below. The Spanish Civil War Began on July 17th, 1936 The mutiny in July 1936 by army units stationed in Spanish Morocco was the prelude to a three-year bloody civil war. The plan's strategy was to first defeat France in the West while Russia was hopefully very slowly mobilizing its army in the East, then using Germany's good railroads, cross over to the East and defeat Russia. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. He served longer as the leader of the Labour Party than anyone else in British history. His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. The league was shaken twiceonce by the Congress of Berlin and again when the Balkans became disputed againbut remained until the forming of the Triple Alliance. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. Many fled Spain, becoming refugees and awaiting the toppling of the the killing of all the 11 million Jews of Europe, a process now known as the Holocaust. Present were Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. It outlined the hopes of the democracies and their intentions for improvements after World War II; Renunciation of territorial aggression, No territorial changes without the consent of the peoples concerned, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government, Access to raw material for all nations, World economic cooperation, Freedom from fear and want, Freedom of the seas, Disarmament of aggressors. In response to this loss of good will, France shifted its policy and began to accept the fact that Germany was once again going to be a major player in central European politics. On one side were the anarchists and militant socialists, who viewed the war as a revolutionary struggle and spearheaded widespread collectivization of agriculture, industry, and services; on the other were the more moderate socialists and republicans, whose objective was the preservation of the Republic. Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. stirred by the Nationalists were easily defeated in many cities where the loyal The European powers created an independent kingdom in Albania to keep the peace but this did not satisfy Serbia, Russia, or Greece and was a leading cause of the events that sparked the First World War. AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, AP European History Past Exam Questions - College Board All About the Cold War - AP Euro. Made many demands against Germany to cut down its size and to reimburse France, which had been devastated by the war. The English Civil War began a historical precedent in the way the monarchs are seen in Western Europe. The Spanish-American War (article) | Khan Academy Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with it. Renews March 10, 2023 AP Euro Spanish Civil War - YouTube 7 Things You May Not Know About the Spanish Civil War The D-Day invasion began on the 5 beaches of this region. Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. within the ranks. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. Spanish civil war In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. extent as the Republicans. an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. BY SPRING 1936 THE PLOT TO OVERTHROW THE OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR COUP D'?TAT Generals Mola, Goded, Fanjul and Franco (later) Sanjurjo was nominal leader but he was in exile in Portugal Mola became the main organiser Included lots of younger, more junior officers Met 8 March 1936 Agreed that if Caballero took . defensive positions in a triangle of cities with the points in Madrid, Valencia, You'll be billed after your free trial ends. The Nationalists did experience some The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization (p. 797). They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. The disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church was one platform on which nearly all agreed. the German air force before and during World War II. The Kaiser was displeased with Moltke and removed him from his position as General. In the 1890s it was used by the Gaelic League, which advocates the revival of the Irish language. The revolt quickly became a civil war. Among the most notable artistic responses to the war were the novels Mans Hope (1938) by Andr Malraux, Adventures of a Young Man (1939) by John Dos Passos, and For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) by Ernest Hemingway; George Orwells memoir Homage to Catalonia (1938); Pablo Picassos painting Guernica (1937); and Robert Capas photograph Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain (1936). one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. In 1937, Hemingway traveled to Spain in order to report on the Spanish Civil War for the North American Newspaper Alliance. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. The government of Spain's Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has started the process to open up a mass grave containing the remains of more than 33,000 victims of the country's 1936-39 civil war. Project for AP Euro about the Spanish Civil War. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. Mussolini's Italy sent guns, tanks, Planes, and men. He is particularly remembered for advocating interventionist government policy, by which the government would use fiscal and monetary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions and booms. Thus strengthened, the Loyalists fought desperately against Franco and his supporters (including the Roman Catholic Church, of whom they murdered more than 1000 priests and nearly 300 nuns). A union of Britain and its many current and former colonies. For Britain and France, the conflict represented a new threat to the international equilibrium that they were struggling to preserve, which in 1939 collapsed into World War II. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. Ch. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. The following day the remnant of the Republican government surrendered; Franco would establish himself as dictator and remain in power until his death on November 20, 1975. Mola organized for military action in Pamplona, while Franco traveled to Morocco City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The Nationalists were supported by Mussolinis Italy and Nazi Germany. Kafka's works - including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schlo ("The Castle") - have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque". The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! AP European History: Post-War Europe {{cp.topicAssetIdToProgress[11397].percentComplete}}% complete Legion of about 100 planes, which was largely responsible for the Guernica There were Four Irish Home Rule Bills passed by Great Britain, and they allowed for a greater amount of Irish control over Ireland. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. The Republicans tried to turn their rag-tag militia into an effective fighting $24.99 The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. Purchasing By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. In December 1938 they moved upon Catalonia in the northeast, forcing the Republican armies there northward toward France. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. It resulted in three major treaties: Four-Power Treaty, Five-Power Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty and a number of smaller agreements.