When referencing a specific article in a collected work please provide the author(s) name and chapter title (with all primary words capitalised), in double quotation marks ( ). A longer dash is used to separate a sentence from a side remark (e.g. Subsequent citations of secondary sources: use the author's or authors' surname(s): 1. If DOI is unknown then enter the URL of the online journal. Author names in the bibliography are inverted, and initials are used in place of the first name: If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the Cite this Scribbr article button to automatically add the citation to our free Reference Generator. Subsequent citations may use the abbreviated form. The relevant abbrevations are: subsection / subsections to sub-s/ sub-ss, subparagraph / subparagraphs to subpara/subparas. Taylor & Francis Standard Reference Style: OSCOLA The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities is designed to facilitate accurate citation of authorities, legislation, and other legal materials. If you read a book that was translated from another language (eg, you read an English translation of a book orginally written in German), cite the translation: If there is an author and translator, referenceas follows: See3.2.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. analyse, not analyze; criticise, not criticize; characterise, not characterize). author, Title of chapter' in editor (ed), title in italics(additional information,publisheryear). The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. Follow this by the phrase available at, followed by the URL, which should be hyperlinked. Robert Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007).. 26. The Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is a referencing style used by students and academics in law. OSCOLA referencing places citations in footnotes, which are marked in the text with footnote numbers: The judge referred to the precedent established by Caulfield v Baldwin. Older books do not have ISBNs, but you should cite them as books even if you read them online. Even if youre still at school, learning how to reference now means you wont get caught out at university. World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization) and when quoting text that uses the American spelling. Alison L Young, 'In Defence of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. Note that standard abbreviations are also used for journal names; here MLR refers to Modern Law Review. Lecturer, School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, name@institution.ac.uk). The full citation need only be given at the first reference to the case, which should also provide the shorthand reference to be used in subsequent citations. Information to include: 39(4), pp.652-669. Journal article Law / Act Newspaper article . X argues that Y.1 NOT X argues that Y1.). for more details. We will not accept submissions under consideration at other journals. If you cant find a judgement in one of these general series you should refer to a specialist series of law reports such as the Family Law Reports. Page numbers stand-alone without p or pp. Enter pages of the chapter you wish to refer to. If you do not know the page numbers then leave this blank and [no pagination] will be entered. for more details. eighty-four), unless they refer to a percentage, in which case it appears as, for example, 25%. Journal of International Business Studies. If the reference is to an editorial, cite the author as Editorial. Canada (Human Rights Commission) v Canadian Airlines International Ltd, [2006] 1 SCR 3. HL Deb OR HC Deb | date, | volume, | column. Dr Douglas Guilfoyle, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Origins and Importance (14 August 2013) accessed 15 April 2014. If submissions are made in a language other than English, the Title and Abstract must also be submitted in English. References to Recitals in EU legislation to retain the full word Recital, e.g. Manuscripts must bein Microsoft Word format using the template files above. In this system, citations are put in footnotes at the bottom of the page. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their submission conforms to SCRIPTeds formatting style (see below and our Article and Book Review templates), and for ensuring that all citations are accurate. or within (parentheses). The Chancellor of the High Court should be abbreviated as Sir John Brown C, and Presidents of the Queens Bench Division and Family Division as Sir Brown P. JAG Griffith, The Common Law and the Political Constitution (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. Online harms and Carolines Law whats the direction for the law reform? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Oxford Royale Academy is a part of Oxford Programs Limited, a company registered in England as company number 6045196, registered office at 264 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DY. Quotes longer than three lines of text should be styled using the quotation style within the in-house template (independent, fully-indented paragraphs) and should not have quotation marks. In this first example the pinpoints are at the end to paragraphs 42 and 45 of the case: In this example for a secondary source the page number 131 is given at the end: For more detailed information, see OSCOLA 2.1.6 and OSCOLA 4.2.5. Simon Tonking, Jury Trial (BBC Radio 4, 1 May 2010) accessed 15 February 2013. Do not use other terms such as supra, op cit, loc cit. When citing courts, indicate the court in brackets after the first page of the report, and before the pinpoint if there is one. You can also use the OSCOLA Quick Reference Guide for ease when referencing. In the text,a number in superscript1is added at the end of a sentence and after the punctuation. Law Commission, 'Housing: Encouraging Responsponsible Letting' (Law Com No 312 Cm 7458, TSO, 2008) [1.5]. To pinpoint, simply include a page number at the end of your reference, in addition to any page numbers already included. Authors will be sent anonymised copies of Referee comments. Only do this if paragraph numbers are explicitly used in the text. If the subsequent citation is directly after the full citation, simply use the term ibid. Case name in italics [year] court number, [year] OR (year) volume report abbreviation first page. 'Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law' [2005] PL 440, 'In Defense of Due Deference' (2009) 72 MLR 554. an article/pdf/ebook is available anywhere in print format, you should cite it as you would a printed piece of work (even if you have read it online). Eg, the Director of Public Prosecutions should appear as DPP not D.P.P. Journal articles. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Repeating Citations Subsequent citations The first time a source is mentioned, you must give the citation in full. Quotes in a foreign language should normally appear in English translation, but the original text may also be reproduced if it is necessary that the text be examined closely. 1 Robert Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007). For specific references, include a comma, followed by the chapter or page number, including ch. and/or p.. OR:See text to n 22. To indicate that words have been omitted from a quote, please use ellipses () without any spaces around them,e.g. A bibliography lists all your secondary sources that is, everything other than cases and legislation. Pinpointing a page Example Where you cite an author of a secondary source their name should appear as it does on the publication with first name/ initials before surname. Javan Herberg, Injunctive Relief for Wrongful Termination of Employment (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford 1989). Bill title HC Bill (Session) [Bill number]. It is the Law referencing system created by Oxford University. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. Before 1996, the offocial reports were known and Series A and numbered consecutively. Revised on For subsequent citation of cases, please cite the name of the first party only and the relevant paragraph, e.g. A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples. This means that for subsequent references of a source, you dont have to repeat the full citation. Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. Brown J/Green MR/Yellow LJ/SCC/HL/CA/QC/Co/Ltd/USA/USSR/WTO/UN/UNESCO/IT/AI). Ibid., p. 25). Stevens (n 1) 110. Make sure that the citation number is not italicised. In the footnote, the authors name should be provided exactly as it appears in the publication, omitting postnominals such as QC: (Note: sometimes only first name initials are provided on the publication so your footnote will reflect this e.g. Bibliography: Follow the citation with the web address (in angled brackets) and the date you most recently accessed the article. Capitalise the first letter of each major word of the title. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. There should be an asterisk (*) after each authors name, which corresponds to an asterisked footnote, giving the authors current position(s) of employment, department where appropriate, university, city, country, and email address (e.g. Lorenzo Magnani, Morality in a Technological World: Knowledge as Duty (Cambridge: CUP, 2007), p. 25. The author must change any references in these formats into the SCRIPTed house style, and use footnotes accordingly. JAG Griffith, 'The Common Law and the Political Constitution' (2001) 117 LQR 42, 64. . Act title Year, s Section number(Subsection number)(Paragraph number). A z can be used in official names of organisations (e.g. A citation footnote appears whenever you quote from, paraphrase or otherwise refer to the content of a source in your text. if there is a volume number in addition to the year). twenty-four). Bert-Jaap Koops, Criteria for Normative Technology: The Acceptability of Code as law in Light of Democratic and Constitutional Values in Roger Brownsword and Karen Yeung (eds. If the case name is included in the text, omit it in the footnote. Pinpointing is not used in the bibliography. After that, you can shorten it. Jack Caulfield. 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. If the newspaper is divided into sections, and the page numbering begins afresh in each section, put the section name in roman before the page number, with a space but no comma between the two. Along with an overview of referencing, our authors share their thoughts on why referencing is used in academic writing. from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/oscola/. For Book Reviews, our in-house Book Review template should be used. If there is a direct quote/speaker, reverse the author's name as usual. not a result of a search in a database). Speaker (if a direct quote)/Presenter, 'Title of the programme' (Radio station, date of the programme). This is the Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. Author, 'Title' (Additonal information, edition if later than first, Publisher day Month year if available) page number if required. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. (e.g. PCMLP University of Oxford, An introduction to Legal Citation Using OSCOLA accessed 04 November 2015, https://subjectguides.york.ac.uk/referencing-style-guides, A House of Lords judge should be referred to as, A Supreme Court judge should be referred to as, The Lord Chief Justice can be abbreviated to. Note thatSCRIPTed does not charge authors any fees to submit, process, or publish a manuscript. Referencing - OSCOLA Secondary sources Primary sources are the law itself -- cases, legislation, regulations. Dual-band photodetectors (DBPDs) have played an essential role in multispectral information monitoring, including civil and military areas. For example: Also, order the sources with legislation before cases, and primary sources before secondary. The following website is a useful reference: http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk. GDPR, art. Do not italicise case names. The general principles for other secondary sources (OSCOLA 4th ed. Authors should provide between three and six keywords highlighting the field(s) and topic(s) of their submission. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. An example of a footnote for an online article: James Gobert, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' Note the different rules for annual case reports as compared with ongoing reports. If there is more than one editor or translator, put (eds) or (trs). If you have included the case name in the text, you do not have to include the case names in the footnote: (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014, European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. For specific references, include a comma, followed by p. and the page number. ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. You should abbreviate both as Smith J. hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~
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There are three series of Hansard, one reporting debates on the floor of the House of Commons, one debates in the House of Lords, and one debates in the Public Bill committees of the House of Commons, which replaced standing committees in 2007. An example of a typical case citation without a neutral citation is: When the year is used to identify the law report volume, you should always put it in square brackets. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by 'and others'. An example of the bibliography for an online article: GobertJ, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' Author, 'Web page title' (Website in Italics, Full Date) accessed Date. Balogh v Hungary App no 47940/99 (ECtHR, 20 July 2004). Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser. Number under 100 are written in full (e.g. If the article is sourced from the web and there is no page number available, provide the web address and date of access. hUmo0+U-vB"0V
~pQC@I:~g@a2g=fQB88FS (TPDd=B`a9It2WdRA,L. For example: Council Directive 2002/60/EC of 27 June 2002 laying down specific provisions for the control of African swine fever and amending Directive 92/119/EEC as regards Teschen disease and African swine fever [2002] OJ L192/27. Then give the title of the article within single quotation marks, and the publication information as follows: year of publication (in square brackets if it identifies the volume, in round brackets if there is a separate volume number). Bibliography entries differ from citations in terms of their presentation of the authors name. List cases in the bibliography in alphabetic order of case names. For example, in the following citation, the first number refers to the page on which the report begins, while the second number pinpoints the passage youre referring to: Where available, paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers. As with bills, write HC for the House of Commons and HL for the House of Lords. In the bibliography list all of the authors. Report of the Secretary-General (22 August 2013) UN Doc A/68/341. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - LawTeacher is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. There is no specific guidance on this within OSCOLA. The OJ citation should be: year, OJ series, number / page. Remove Additional Authors, Add a 4th Author Misc (multiple authors, editors.) If the next citation is to the same source, simply put ibid, with a new pinpoint if necessary. Use the full name of the author(s) as written in the source. Reference either an on-line or printed Journal Article, Select a different Source Type See examples, Enter the Surname and Initials for each Author of the Journal, You must enter at least one Author including their first initial, Add a 3rd Author 25. Oscola by Donal Nolan (Editor); Sandra Meredith (Editor); Faculty of Law, University of Oxford Staff Call Number: D 340.074 OSC ISBN: 9781849463676 Publication Date: 2012-04-26 Examples of citing sources using OSCOLA These are some examples of how you might cite some common legal materials using OSCOLA. Cite as a book but exclude author or editor and publisher. hb```lKa1.I
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Where cases concern only individuals, leave out forenames and initials. for more details. Analysis Pieces should normally not exceed 4,000 words. Up to three authors are included in a Harvard in-text citation. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. You do not need to use the Honourable. 'Serving Magistrates 2013' (The Judicial Office 2013). Paul Craig, Theory, "Pure Theory" and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440. The bibliographyat the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. In the bibliography list all of the authors. Any submission which exceeds the identified word counts may be accepted upon special consideration of the Editorial Board. Including quotations When referring to a judge within a case, use the judges surname followed by the correct abbreviation. Citations of provisions should be abbreviated as follows: Where the reference is the first word in a sentence or footnote, the full word should be used, e.g. Paragraph numbers appear in square brackets and can be used for pinpointing in the same way as page numbers: Note that if youre pinpointing a judges comments within a case report, you include the name of the judge, and some special terms and abbreviations are used in the citation and in the text. A law report is a published report on a judgement. For example, Johnston v Ireland (1986) Series A no 122. If referring to comments by someone in particular, add that information as you would a pinpoint, before the url. (2022, May 05). 'Serving Magistrates by HMCTS Region, England and Wales, 31 March 2013, Diversity statistics and general overview 2013: (The Judicial Office 2013). In a longer work, such as a thesis or dissertation, OSCOLA requires you to include tables listing any cases and legislation you cited, as well as a bibliography listing any secondary sources. (2008) 71 MRL 413 accessed 15 Jan 2014. %%EOF
Intellectual Property Law in Scotland). For example, UKSC is the United Kingdom Supreme Court, and Cr App R refers to the Criminal Appeal Reports. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. If known, give the number of the page on which the article was published, after the brackets. You should give the name of the case in full when you first mention it in the text or footnotes. Use [ ] if the dateofpublication is needed to find the article eg. 28 February 2020 Use col or cols for column(s). To ensure that only submissions of the highest quality are published, the journal employs the following referee system: All submissions are first considered by the Managing Editor to determine if they are suitable. Retrieved 27 February 2023, El Gharras, H. 2009. Be sure that quotation marks are consistent (e.g. A law report includes features such as a headnote summarising the facts of a case and judgement, and lists of cases considered. In round brackets, the city of publication, followed by a colon, the publisher, followed by a comma, and the year of publication (e.g. Subsequent citations use only the surname, The full title of the article within double quotation marks () and capitalisation of all primary words, The year of publication in round brackets (unless there is no volume number), The volume number in Arabic numerals followed by the issue number in brackets (see examples below), The full name of the journal (in italics), The first and last page of the article (without pp.), If a more specific page reference is being given, the page number(s) (including p. or pp.).